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1.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(4): 538-546, jul.-ago. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432287

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Calcular los costos del tratamiento habitual y normativo del cáncer de mama (CaMa) en el Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE). Material y métodos: Se utilizó la metodología de procesos, desde la perspectiva del prestador. Se identificaron los recursos utilizados durante un año de tratamiento a través de cuestionarios en línea aplicados a oncólogos (tratamiento habitual) de diferentes hospitales y a partir de la revisión de guías clínicas (tratamiento normativo). Resultados: El costo anual habitual fue de $113.6 millones de dólares. Los costos en hospitales regionales y generales para el estadio I son 1.23 y 1.12 mayores al de alta especialidad. Los costos en los estadios 0-II son mayores al normativo por mayor uso de consultas y quimioterapia. Conclusiones: El costo anual del CaMa representó 3.8% del presupuesto del ISSSTE en 2017. Incrementar la eficiencia de los recursos destinados a su tratamiento requeriría mejorar la adherencia a las guías clínicas y la detección temprana.


Abstract: Objective: To estimate the cost of common versus normative practice in the treatment of breast cancer (BrCa) at the Mexican Institute of Social Security and Services for Government Workers (ISSSTE). Materials and methods: A process approach from the perspective of providers. We identified the resources utilized during one year of treatment through online questionnaires administered to oncologists in various hospitals (common treatment) as well as by conducting a clinical guidelines review (normative treatment). Results: The cost of common treatment was USD113.6 million annually. For stage I cases, it proved 1.23 and 1.12 times higher in regional and general as opposed to highly specialized hospitals. For stages 0-II cases, it was higher than normative treatment owing to greater use of consultations and chemotherapy. Conclusions: BrCa accounts for 3.8% of the ISSSTE budget in 2017. Achieving greater efficiency in the use of resources allocated for BrCa treatment requires stricter adherence to clinical guidelines as well as early detection.

2.
Salud Publica Mex ; 62(6): 648-660, 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395102

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia de uso de métodos anticonceptivos (MAC) modernos en adolescentes de 12 a19 años en 2012 y 2018-19, y factores asociados con su uso consistente. Material y métodos: A partir de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud y Nutrición 2012 y 2018-19, se construyeron variables de interés: uso de anticonceptivos reversibles de acción prolongada (ARAP), protección dual y uso consistente de MAC. Se calcularon prevalencias y modelos logísticos para uso consistente de MAC. Resultados: El uso de ARAP en la última relación se incrementó entre encuestas (4.1 a 6.3%). Tener mayor edad, no embarazo y asistencia escolar incrementaron la posibilidad de uso consistente en mujeres; en hombres, la asistencia escolar la incrementó, y vivir en unión, inicio temprano de vida sexual y consumir >100 cigarrillos la disminuyeron. Conclusión: Es necesario fomentar el acceso y uso de MAC de manera consistente, basado en el respeto a los derechos sexuales y reproductivos.


Abstract: Objective: To analyze the prevalence of modern contraceptive methods (CM) use in adolescents aged 12 to 19 years in 2012 and 2018-19, and the factors associated with consistent use of modern CM. Materials and methods: Using the Health and Nutrition National Surveys 2012 and 2018-19 we calculated the outcome variables: long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) use, dual protection and consistent use of CM. We estimated prevalence by sex and adjusted logistic models with consistent use (which is understood as CM use in the first and last sexual relationship) as a dependent variable. Results: LARC use in last intercourse increased between surveys (4.1 to 6.3%). For women, being older, not having been pregnant, and school attendance increased the likelihood of consistent use. For men, school attendance increases the likelihood while cohabiting, early sexual initiation and having smoked more than 100 cigarettes reduces it. Conclusion: It is necessary to promote access and consistent use of MC, based on respect for sexual and reproductive rights.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Comportamento Sexual , Comportamento Contraceptivo , Características da Família , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Comportamento do Adolescente , Coito
3.
Salud pública Méx ; 61(6): 742-752, nov.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1252163

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar en localidades menores de 100 000 habitantes la tendencia de la maternidad en la adolescencia y factores relacionados. Material y métodos: Análisis transversal de 16 686 mujeres en localidades menores de 100 000 habitantes a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2006, 2012 y 100k 2018. Se ajustaron modelos Poisson robustos con variable dependiente maternidad adolescente para mujeres de 12-19 y 20-24 años. Resultados: Asistir a la escuela y usar anticonceptivos modernos disminuye la prevalencia de maternidad adolescente en ambos grupos de edad. Entre las adolescentes, contar con esquema de financiamiento en salud, y el inicio de vida sexual temprano para el caso de las adultas, se asocia positivamente con maternidad adolescente. Conclusiones: Es necesario fortalecer las políticas públicas para modificar factores estructurales que proporcionen opciones de vida; es preciso mantener y fortalecer las acciones y cobertura propuestas por la Estrategia Nacional para la Prevención del Embarazo en Adolescentes (ENAPEA) focalizándolas en esta población.


Abstract: Objective: To analyze the adolescent motherhood trend and associated factors in under-100 000-inhabitants communities. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 16 686 women in under-100 000-inhabitants communities inEncuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición(Ensanut) 2006, 2012 and 100k 2018. We adjusted robust Poisson models with adolescent motherhood as dependent variable for women aged 12-19 and 20-24. Results: Attending school and using modern contraceptives decrease adolescent motherhood prevalence in both age groups. Among adolescent girls, having a health financing scheme, and early sexual debut in the case of adults, is positively associated with adolescent motherhood. Conclusions: It is necessary to strengthen public policies seeking to modify structural factors that provide life choices, and to maintain and strengthen the actions and coverage proposed byEstrategia Nacional para la Prevención del Embarazo en Adolescentes(ENAPEA) targeting this population.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Gravidez na Adolescência/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez na Adolescência/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Tempo , Estudos Transversais , Densidade Demográfica , México
4.
Salud pública Méx ; 61(6): 753-763, nov.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1252164

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Comparar la cobertura de atención continua de salud materna y de atención en la primera infancia en mujeres con y sin maternidad en la adolescencia (MA), que habitan en localidades menores de 100 000 habitantes. Material y métodos: Análisis transversal de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 100k (Ensanut 100k) 2018 en 767 mujeres de 12 a 49 años residentes en localidades con menos de 100 000 habitantes que tuvieron su último hijo dos años anteriores a la encuesta. Se calcularon coberturas de atención a partir de modelos de regresión logística. Resultados: Las mujeres con MA tienen menor cobertura continua en salud materna que las que no tuvieron MA (8.1 y 19.6%, respectivamente). La cobertura de atención del infante con contenido adecuado fue menor a 30% y no hubo diferencias entre los grupos. Conclusión: Es necesario fortalecer acciones focalizadas en este grupo de mujeres para reducir brechas en las coberturas y mejorar la salud materno-infantil.


Abstract: Objective: To compare the coverage of continuous maternal healthcare and early childhood care in women with and without adolescent motherhood (AM) who live in under-100 000-inhabitants communities. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analysis of Ensanut 100k 2018 of 767 women aged 12 to 49 years living in under-100 000-inhabitants communities who had their last birth two years before the survey. Results: Women with AM have lower continuous coverage of maternal care than those without AM (8.1 and 19.6%, respectively). Infant care coverage with adequate content was lower than 30%, and there were no differences between the groups. Conclusions: It is necessary to strengthen actions focused on this group of women in order to reduce the gaps in coverage and improve maternal and child health.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Serviços de Saúde Materno-Infantil/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Densidade Demográfica , México
5.
Salud pública Méx ; 61(6): 876-887, nov.-dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1252175

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Caracterizar la atención médica y las acciones de autocuidado en población con diabetes, en localidades de menos de 100 000 habitantes. Material y métodos: Con información de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 100k (Ensanut 100k), se obtuvieron dos modelos de regresión logística: no realizar las cinco acciones básicas en la última consulta médica y no realizar acciones prioritarias de autocuidado. Resultados: Tener baja escolaridad, pertenecer al estrato económico bajo y hablar lengua indígena incrementan las posibilidades de no realizar acciones de autocuidado. Por el contrario, al incrementarse la edad, se disminuyen las posibilidades de autocuidado en 3%. Pertenecer a un hogar indígena y al tercil bajo incrementan las posibilidades de que el personal de salud no realice las cinco acciones básicas durante la consulta. Conclusión: Es indispensable que se establezca un programa de control de diabetes que incluya educación a pacientes y cursos de actualización al personal médico.


Abstract: Objective: To characterize medical care and self-care actions in a population with diabetes in locations smaller than 100 000 inhabitants Materials and methods: With information from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 100k (Ensanut 100k), two logistic regression models were obtained: not performing five basic actions in the last consultation and not taking priority self-care actions. Results: Having low schooling, belonging to the low economic stratum, and speaking indigenous language, increase the probability of not taking self-care actions. On the contrary, as age increases, the chances of self-care are reduced by 3%. Belonging to an indigenous household and the low tercile, increases the chances that health personnel will not perform the five basic actions during the consultation. Conclusions: It is essential that a diabetes control program be established that includes patient education and update courses for medical staff


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Autocuidado , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Densidade Demográfica
6.
Salud pública Méx ; 61(5): 685-691, sep.-oct. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127332

RESUMO

Resumen: La iniciativa con Proyecto de Decreto por el que se reforma la Ley General de Salud de México presentada en 2019 ante el Congreso de la Unión propone la creación de un sistema de acceso universal y gratuito a los servicios de salud y a medicamentos asociados para la población sin seguridad social y la creación del Instituto de Salud para el Bienestar. Este artículo analiza algunos aspectos sustantivos del Proyecto de Decreto con el objetivo de motivar la reflexión sobre la reforma propuesta y sus componentes más importantes para contribuir a su propósito. Se concluye que los principales temas del proyecto requieren precisión en rubros relevantes, como la transformación del esquema de financiamiento para la atención, el fortalecimiento de la rectoría y gobernanza, la responsabilidad en la provisión de servicios y la regulación y acceso a medicamentos. Las aportaciones de académicos, tomadores de decisiones y organizaciones sociales serán indispensables para una política pública de salud basada en evidencia y con equidad social.


Abstract: The initiative including an Act Project for reforming the Ley General de Salud of Mexico, submitted in 2019 to the Congress of the Union, proposes the creation of a system of universal and free access to health services and associated medicines for the population lacking of social security benefits, and the creation of the Instituto de Salud para el Bienestar. This article analyzes the substantive aspects of the project, with the aim of motivating the reflection of the proposed reform and its most important components, to contribute to achieving its aim. The conclusion is that the main themes of the Project require precision in relevant areas, such as the transformation of the financing scheme for care, the strengthening of stewardship and governance, the responsibility in the provision of services, and the regulation and access to medicines. The contributions of academics, decision makers and social organizations will be essential to create a public health policy based on evidence and social equity.


Assuntos
Humanos , Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Legislação de Medicamentos , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Administração de Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Preparações Farmacêuticas/provisão & distribuição , Atenção à Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Regulamentação Governamental , Financiamento Governamental/legislação & jurisprudência , México
8.
Salud pública Méx ; 58(2): 187-196, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-793018

RESUMO

Abstract Objective: To compare trends in hospital discharges and mortality due to breast cancer (BC) in Mexico from 2004 to 2012 by insurance condition before and after incorporating BC comprehensive treatment into the System of Social Protection in Health (Sistema de Protrección Social en Salud, SPSS) in 2007. Materials and methods: Data on BC hospital discharges and mortality reported in women aged 25 years and over were obtained from the National Health Information System. Mortality rates were adjusted by age and state. Results: At the national level, a growing tendency in hospital discharges was observed, mainly for women without social security, while mortality rate remained constant. Mortality rates by state show that lower marginalization index corresponded to higher mortality. Conclusions: A differential behavior was observed among women according to insurance condition, partly due to the inclusion of BC treatment in the SPSS.


Resumen Objetivo: Comparar las tendencias de egresos hospitalarios y mortalidad por cáncer de mama (CaMa) en México de 2004 a 2012, según esquema de aseguramiento, antes y después de la incorporación del tratamiento integral del CaMa al Sistema de Protección Social en Salud (SPSS) en 2007. Material y métodos: Los egresos hospitalarios y de mortalidad por CaMa en mujeres de 25 años o más se obtuvieron del Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud. Las tasas de mortalidad se ajustaron por edad y entidad federativa. Resultados: A nivel nacional, hubo una tendencia creciente de los egresos hospitalarios, principalmente para mujeres sin seguridad social, mientras que la tasa de mortalidad se mantuvo constante. Las tasas de mortalidad fueron mayores en estados con menor índice de marginación. Conclusiones: Se observó un comportamiento diferencial entre las mujeres según esquema de aseguramiento en salud debido, en parte, a la inclusión del tratamiento de CaMa al SPSS.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Seguro Médico Ampliado/economia , Alta do Paciente/tendências , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Previdência Social/economia , Previdência Social/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias da Mama/economia , Doença Catastrófica/economia , Doença Catastrófica/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Mortalidade/tendências , Pessoas sem Cobertura de Seguro de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Cobertura do Seguro/estatística & dados numéricos , Marginalização Social , Geografia Médica , Seguro Médico Ampliado/estatística & dados numéricos , México/epidemiologia
9.
Salud pública Méx ; 55(supl.2): S91-S99, 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-704822

RESUMO

Objetivo. Estimar el efecto del Seguro Popular (SP) sobre la probabilidad de los hogares de incurrir en gasto en salud (GS), de presentar gastos excesivos en salud (GES) y sobre el monto gastado. Material y métodos. Análisis transversal utilizando datos de la ENSANUT 2012. El efecto del SP se estimó con métodos de pareamiento por puntaje de propensión (n=12 250). Se estimaron el efecto promedio en los hogares con SP (tratados) y diferencias en la mediana de gasto. Resultados. El SP reduce 3.6% la probabilidad del GS y en 7.1% en hogares con enfermos diabéticos o hipertensos. Para el GES la reducción fue de 36% en el ámbito nacional, y para hogares con enfermos y hospitalizados, de 46.5 y 41.7%, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El SP tiene un efecto positivo, al proteger a los hogares del GS y GES, principalmente en hogares con necesidades de salud. Sin embargo, aún existen retos para el SP que incluyen la mejora del acceso de la población de menores recursos a los servicios.


Objective. To estimate the effect of Seguro Popular Program (SP) on the probability of health spending (HE), the excessive expenditure on health (EEH) and the amount of health spending. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional analysis was carried out using data from the ENSANUT 2012. Propensity score matching was used to estimate the effect of SP (n=12.250). We estimated the average effect on SP homes (treated) and differences in median spending. Results. SP reduces the likelihood of HE in 3.6 and 7.1% in households with patients diagnosed with DM and/or hypertension, respectively. The reduction in EEH was 36% at national level. This reduction was 46.5 and 41.7% among households with hospitalized patients and those reporting a sick member. Conclusions. SP has a positive effect, protecting households from having either HE or EEH among those with greater health needs. However, there are still some challenges for the SP, which include improving access to services for low-income population.


Assuntos
Humanos , Gastos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Seguro Saúde/economia , Estudos Transversais , Características da Família , México , Fatores de Tempo
10.
Salud pública Méx ; 55(supl.2): S112-S122, 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-704825

RESUMO

Objetivo. Analizar la utilización y el gasto en medicamentos y sus factores asociados, así como discutir sus implicaciones para las políticas farmacéuticas. Material y métodos. Análisis en una muestra de 193 228 individuos, a partir de la Encuesta Nacional en Salud y Nutrición 2012. Se estimaron modelos logit, probit y modelos de regresión cuantílica, evaluando tres dimensiones de acceso a medicamentos: (1) probabilidad de utilización de medicamentos en el caso de un problema de salud; (2) probabilidad de incurrir en gasto y (3) monto gastado. Resultados. Las personas afiliadas al IMSS tuvieron mayor probabilidad de utilizar medicamentos (RM=1.2, p<0.05). Estar afiliado al IMSS, ISSSTE o SP redujo la probabilidad de gasto frente a quienes no cuentan con seguro médico (RM alrededor de 0.7, p<0.01). La mediana de gasto osciló entre 195.3 y 274.2 pesos mexicanos. Conclusiones. Los factores asociados con la utilización y el gasto indican que persisten inequidades en el acceso.


Objective. To analyze medicine utilization and expenditure and associated factors in Mexico, as well as to discuss their implications for pharmaceutical policy. Materials and methods. Analysis of a sample of 193 228 individuals from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012. Probability and amount of expenditure were estimated using logit, probit and quantile regression models, evaluating three dimensions of access to medicines: (1) likelihood of utilization of medicines in the event of a health problem, (2) probability of incurring expenses and (3) amount spent on medicines. Results. Individuals affiliated to IMSS were more likely to use medicines (OR=1.2, p<0.05). Being affiliated to the IMSS, ISSSTE or SP reduced the likelihood of spending compared to those without health insurance (about RM 0.7, p<0.01). Median expenditures varied between 195.3 and 274.2 pesos. Conclusions. Factors associated with the use and expenditure on medicines indicate that inequities in the access to medicines persist.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Uso de Medicamentos/economia , Gastos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , México
11.
Salud pública Méx ; 52(supl.1): S11-S18, 2010. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-549137

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its associated risk factors in Mexican adults aged 20 years or older, using data derived from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006 (ENSANUT 2006). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The ENSANUT 2006 was conducted between October 2005 and May 2006. Questionnaires were administered to 45 446 adult subjects aged 20 years or older who were residents from urban and rural areas. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were obtained from all subjects and fasting blood specimens were provided by 30 percent of participants. We randomly selected a sub-sample of 6 613 from which laboratory measurements were carried out for glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. For this analysis, we included only results from eight or more hours of fasting samples (n=6 021). We used individual weighted factors in the statistical analysis and considered the survey's complex sampling design to obtain variances and confidence intervals. All analyses were done using SPSS 15.0. RESULTS: In accordance with definitions by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the prevalence of MS in Mexican adults aged 20 years or older was 36.8, 41.6 and 49.8 percent, respectively. Women were more affected than men due to the higher prevalence of central obesity among females. Prevalence of MS increased with age and was higher among populations living in metropolitan areas, in the west-central region, and those with lower education. DISCUSSION: Regardless of the MS definition, a large proportion of Mexican adults has the condition, so preventive measures are needed to decrease the prevalence of the MS components in this population. MS can predict type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, two of the main causes ...


OBJETIVO: Describir la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico (SM) y los factores asociados en población mexicana de 20 años y más de edad a partir de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006 (ENSANUT 2006). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La ENSANut 2006 se realizó entre octubre de 2005 y mayo de 2006. Se entrevistó a 45446 adultos de 20 años y más residentes de localidades rurales y urbanas. A todos ellos se les tomaron medidas antropométricas y de tensión arterial. Al 30 por ciento de los adultos entrevistados se les tomó una muestra de sangre, preferentemente en ayunas. Se seleccionó al azar una submuestra de 6613 individuos para la determinación de glucosa, insulina, triglicéridos, colesterol total y colesterol HDL. Para el análisis de laboratorio sólo se incluyeron las muestras obtenidas en ayuno de 8 horas o más (n=6021). Se utilizaron las definiciones de SM publicadas por el ATP III, modificada por la American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) y la International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron los factores de expansión individuales y para el cálculo de las varianzas e intervalos de confianza se tomó en consideración el diseño complejo de la encuesta usando SPSS 15.0. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia nacional de SM en adultos de 20 años de edad y más, de acuerdo con el ATP III, AHA/NHLBI e IDF fue de 36.8, 41.6 y 49.8 por ciento, respectivamente. Con las tres definiciones, la prevalencia fue mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres, debido principalmente al mayor porcentaje de obesidad en las mujeres. La prevalencia de SM aumentó conforme a la edad y fue ligeramente mayor en la población residente de las áreas metropolitanas, en la región centro-occidente y con el menor nivel de escolaridad. DISCUSIÓN: Independientemente de la definición utilizada, una gran proporción de mexicanos presenta SM, el cual es considerado como predictor de diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedad ...


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Antropometria , Glicemia/análise , Jejum/sangue , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , México/epidemiologia , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto Jovem
12.
Salud pública Méx ; 51(supl.2): s286-s295, 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-509405

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Calcular el costo de atención de las pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: A través del Sistema de Información Médico Operativa del IMSS, se conformó una cohorte de pacientes con diagnóstico reciente en 2002 que recibió seguimiento hasta finales de 2006. Se identificó el uso de recursos y se le adjudicó el costo de atención del IMSS. RESULTADOS: Sólo 14 por ciento se diagnosticó en fase I y 48 por ciento en las fases III-IV. El costo de atención promedio por año-paciente se estimó en 110 459 pesos y para las mujeres diagnosticadas en 2002 la etapa I tuvo un costo de 74 522 pesos, comparado con 102 042 en la etapa II, 154 018 en la etapa III y 199 274 en la IV. CONCLUSIONES: El cáncer mamario representa un presupuesto significativo en el IMSS y entre más tardía es la etapa de detección, más altos resultan los costos económicos por año-paciente y más baja la probabilidad de sobrevida a cinco años.


OBJECTIVE: We studied the cost of health care for women with breast cancer treated at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS, per its abbreviation in Spanish). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the Medical and Operative Information Systems of the IMSS, we constructed a cohort of patients diagnosed in 2002 and followed these patients to the end of 2006, identifying the use of resources and imputing the IMSS-specific cost structure. RESULTS: Only 14 percent of women were diagnosed in stage 1 and 48 percent were diagnosed in stages III-IV. The average cost of their medical care per patient-year was $MX110,459. Costs for stage 1 were $MX74,522 compared to $102,042 for stage II, and were $MX154,018 for stage III and $MX199,274 for stage IV. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer accounts for a significant part of the IMSS health budget. Later stage at diagnosis is associated with higher economic costs per patient-year of treatment and lower probability of five-year survival.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/economia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , México , Previdência Social
13.
Rev. salud pública ; 10(1): 18-32, ene.-feb. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-479049

RESUMO

Objetivo: Estimar el resultado inicial del Seguro Popular de Salud (SPS) sobre el gasto catastrófico en salud (GC) de los hogares. Adicionalmente se estimó la relación de otros factores de importancia sobre el GC. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal a partir de la Encuesta de Evaluación del Seguro Popular levantada en los estados de Colima y Campeche en el segundo semestre del a±o 2002. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el primer semestre del a±o 2005. Se estimó primero la relación del SPS y otras covariables con el GC mediante un modelo probit. Después se estimó nuevamente la relación de las covariables y el GC tomando en cuenta la endogeneidad del GC con la afiliación al SPS, utilizando para ello un modelo probit bivariado. Finalmente, se realizaron algunas simulaciones para ver con más detalle la influencia de la utilización por tipo de servicio sobre el GC. Resultados: Para los hogares afiliados al SPS la probabilidad de incurrir en GC fue casi 8 por ciento menor, en comparación con los hogares no afiliados, controlando por las demás covariables y se corrigió por la endogeneidad. La probabilidad de GC siempre fue menor para los afiliados, independientemente del tercil económico al que pertenecían y del tipo de servicio utilizado. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio sugieren que el SPS está protegiendo financieramente a los hogares; sin embargo, aún constituye un reto llegar a la meta de reducción del 75 por ciento del GC.


Objective: Estimating Seguro Popular de Salud's (SPS) initial outcome regarding households' catastrophic health spending (CHS). The relationship of other important factors to the CE was also estimated. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study, based on evaluating Seguro Popular's survey, was carried out in the Mexican states of Colima and Campeche during 2002; it was carried out during the first semester of 2005. SPS and other co-variables' relationship with CHS was estimated by using the probit model. Such relationship was then estimated again using the bi-probit model, but taking endogeneity between CHS and SPS affiliation into consideration. Some simulations led to a detailed analysis of the influence of the use by type of service on the CHS. Results The probability of SPS-affiliated households incurring CHS was about 8 percent less than un-affiliated households (controlled for other co-variables and corrected for endogeneity). The probability of incurring CHS was always less for affiliated people, independently of the income bracket which they belonged to and the kind of services used. Conclusions: The results suggested that SPS is financially protecting households; nevertheless, the goal of a 75 percent reduction in CHS has still to be achieved.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Seguro Médico Ampliado/economia , Seguro Médico Ampliado/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Gastos em Saúde , México
14.
Salud pública Méx ; 50(supl.1): s38-s47, 2008. graf, mapas, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-479140

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia y distribución de los accidentes de tránsito no fatales (ATNF) en México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron datos de la ENSANUT 2006. En los hogares visitados se seleccionó a un adulto, un adolescente y un niño, hasta conformar una muestra de 94197 sujetos que representa a la N de 102 886 482 individuos. La variable dependiente fue la prevalencia de ATNF en los 12 meses anteriores a la encuesta. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de accidentes (de tránsito o no) fue de 6.0 por ciento y de esa cifra 16.7 por ciento correspondió a ATNF. Los hombres del grupo de 20 a 44 años, los habitantes de áreas urbanas y los de mejor nivel socioeconómico (NSE) presentaron mayor prevalencia (p<0.05). Jalisco, Aguascalientes y Sonora registraron la mayor prevalencia y Guerrero, Michoacán y Oaxaca la menor. CONCLUSIONES: Los ATNF en México se concentran en hombres de edad productiva en zonas urbanas y se relacionan con el NSE individual y el desarrollo económico de cada estado.


OBJECTIVE: To determine non-fatal road traffic injuries (NFRTI) prevalence and its distribution in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from ENSANUT Survey 2006 were used. Using simple random sampling, one adult, one adolescent and one child were selected in each household, constituting a final sample of 94 197 representing an N of 102 886 482 people. The dependent variable was the prevalence of road traffic injuries (RTI) during the 12 months prior to the survey. RESULTS: The general accident prevalence was 6.0 percent; 16.7 percent corresponded to NFRTI. Men in the 20 to 44 age group living in urban areas and with high socioeconomic status had a higher RTI prevalence (p<0.05). Jalisco, Aguascalientes and Sonora were states with the highest prevalence of RTI, while Guerrero, Michoacan and Oaxaca were those with the lowest. CONCLUSIONS: NFRTI are frequent in Mexico and they are concentrated among men in productive ages in urban areas; they are associated with socioeconomic status at the individual level and with the state's development at the population level.


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Risco , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologia
15.
Salud ment ; 29(6): 57-64, nov.-dic. 2006.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-985986

RESUMO

resumen está disponible en el texto completo


Abstract: Introduction Violence is recognized as a Public Health problem around the world. In the specific case of Intímate Partner Abuse, which occurs at home, women are particularly vulnerable to be abused by their partners. In Mexico, as in other countries in Latin America, the systematic study of violence towards women is incipient. However, it is a highly predominant problem, which has a big impact on women's health, and represents a significant challenge to the Health System demanding health care due to intentional injuries. This paper analyzed information generated by the first National Survey of violence against women in 2003 (ENVIM, by his name in Spanish). Objective The main objective is to identify the factors associated with the health services utilization by women, because of partner abuse. Methodology A cross-sectional design was used, including women users of health care services on public institutions all over the country in 2003. Intimate partner abuse was defined as "the repetitive event of abuse from the male partner side towards the woman, that is characterized by coercive conducts that could include physical, emotional or sexual violence". It was measure in a scale of 27 items, using the Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA) and the Severity of Violence against Women Scale (SVAWS). Both indexes were vali-dated previously in Mexican population. A factorial analysis was used and the factors that explain the variability were obtained. The selection of women to be interviewed was done using a probabilistic stratify biethapic sample. For the first one, medical unites were selected, and for the second, women over 14 years old who went to those medical unities to demand any kind of health care services. The ethic considerations were resolved using the next procedures: participants received information about the research objectives and signed an informant consent letter endorsed by the ethical committee of the Institution. They also received a brochure with information about the local institutions where they can go in case of abuse. Interviewers trained in technical areas as well as abuse management using a questionnaire on private spaces did the data collection. The answer rate was of 98%. The analyzed variables were Socio demographic, search of support on the health staff or reasons for not doing this. An index of socio-economic level categorized as very low, medium and high. Type of institution and services used. The dependent variable was utilization of the health services to attend the injuries due to a partner abuse event, during the last 12 months. The analysis used was simple and bivariate using chi square, and binary logistic regression model. The final model included the variables that in the binary showed a value of p<0.25. We ad-justed the model using the Goodness of Fit Test of Pearson. Results From 24,958 women that utilized public health services 21% reported to have had a partner abuse event in the last year. From these, only 7.3% utilized health services. The more important variables were: age between 25 to 34 years old, elementary schooling and women having a job. Of the sample 94% belong to the very low and medium socio-economic levels; almost half of them (47%) do not have health insurance. More than 80% have a partner at present; 7.6% reported severe violence. From those who had injuries, 72% declared to have had just one minor injury (bruises, body aches), 25.5% reported more than one type of injuries, from which 10.8% were severe and required surgery or hospitalization. The type of injuries that demand more utilization of health services were those subsequent to sexual abuse as genital infection and genital bleeding. Only 45% of the women users' report to have medical insurance. Less than 6% of abused women talked with the health staff about their abuse situation and the main reason was the lack of trust. The factors associated to the utilization of health services were ages over 24 years(ORA 1.57, CI 95% 1.9 - 2.06) alcohol intake by the women (ORA =1.66 CI 95% 1.57-1.75) High Socio economic status (ORA =1.29 CI95% 1.07-1.54). The model was adjusted by severity index and to having medical insurance. There were not significative interactions (p>0.15) and the global adjusted model was p= 0.23. Discussion and conclusions There is a low percentage of abused women injured that utilize formal medical care. This is a very important result for the identification of prevention and control strategies of the partner abuse problem in the health services. The study shows the existence of different types of injuries or medical problems such as genital infections and bleedings, fainting spells, body aches that provoked on one hand that women did not seek medical attention immediately and on the other that the health staff could not identify this kind of health problems with intimate partner abuse. There is a group of more vulnerable women who do not use health services to take care of the consequences of abuse, because they are uninsured. This inequality reveals that it is urgent to provide support services to poor women in the country. The finding about the difficulty for battered women to report their injuries to the health staff because of their lack of trust, agrees with different studies that report the different obstacles found by abused women in facing the health services. The last situation reveals the obstacles to be solved for the NOM implementation too. It is important to mention the study limitations related with the design utilized, and the selection bias due to the inclusion only of users of services. This situation leaves at one side women with less resources, who confront big obstacles for the utilization of health services, and at the other, women from high socio-economic levels, who utilize private health services; therefore there is no accuracy the point out differences. The way in which the question about the utilization of health services was made, makes it difficult to know the number of times these were used. This variable must be explored in future studies. The information generated by the ENVIM allows the Health Sector to define identification-attention strategies of battered women and provides information about the importance of training the health staff to generate trust among in partner-abused women.

16.
Rev. salud pública ; 8(3): 197-206, dic. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-447343

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analizar los factores y barreras asociadas a la utilización de servicios médicos por la población desplazada, como consecuencia del conflicto armado colombiano, residente en Bucaramanga, Colombia. Material y Métodos A partir de datos procedentes del estudio “Diagnóstico de Salud de las Poblaciones Desplazadas y no Desplazadas en Bucaramanga y su área Metropolitana” diseñado y ejecutado por la Universidad Industrial de Santander y financiado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, se analizó la utilización de los servicios médicos en individuos mayores de 15 años de edad de acuerdo con el modelo de Andersen y Newman y se evaluó el efecto de los factores asociados mediante regresión logística múltiple. Resultados Una de cada cinco personas que enfermó en los quince días previos a la encuesta usó los servicios médicos. Este porcentaje es menor a los encontrados en la población general de Colombia. Pertenecer al régimen contributivo de seguridad social, el antecedente de visita a los servicios de salud y ser originario de la misma región se encontraron asociados a la mayor utilización de los servicios. Los desplazados que tienen derecho al seguro de salud subsidiado no presentaron diferencias en el uso de los servicios con respecto a los que no cuentan con seguro. La distancia a la institución de salud fue otra barrera para la utilización de servicios (RM=0,64; IC 0,42-0,97). Conclusión Existe un uso de servicios médicos diferencial entre los desplazados, determinado por sus condiciones de aseguramiento y su capacidad económica.


Objective: Analysing the factors and barriers associated with the population displaced by armed conflict using medical services in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Material and Methods Data from the “Diagnosing the health of both displaced and non-displaced populations in Bucaramanga and its metropolitan area” study, designed and executed by the Industrial University of Santander and financed by the Pan-American Health Organisation, analysed medical service use in individuals aged over 15 years. This agreed with Andersen and Newman’s model and evaluated the effect of associated factors by means of multiple logistical regression Results One out of each five people who became ill during the fifteen days prior to the survey had used the medical services. This percentage was smaller than that found in the Colombian population as a whole. The type of social security regime (contributory health insurance), previous service use and being from the region were associated with greater service use. Displaced people having subsidised health insurance did not present differences in service use compared to those who had no access to such insurance. The distance from dwelling to institution was another barrier against using health services (RM=0.64; IC 0.42-0.97). Conclusions There was differential medical service use amongst the displaced population, determined by their health insurance coverage and economic position.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atenção à Saúde , Refugiados , Colômbia , Estudos Cross-Over , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Educação , Ocupações , Previdência Social , Conflitos Armados
17.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 20(5): 287-298, nov. 2006. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-444601

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Estimar el gasto en salud reproductiva en México durante el año 2003, analizar su distribución según los principales programas, agentes de financiamiento y proveedores de bienes y servicios de salud, y evaluar la relación entre el gasto en salud reproductiva y algunos indicadores económicos de los estados, mediante la metodología de cuentas en salud. MÉTODOS: Se estimó el gasto en salud reproductiva entre enero y diciembre de 2003, tanto a nivel nacional como estatal. Se utilizó la metodología de cuentas en salud ajustada a las particularidades de México a partir de información pública y privada. El gasto se calculó para los cuatro principales programas de salud reproductiva (salud materno-perinatal, planificación familiar, cáncer cervicouterino y cáncer de mama) según los diferentes agentes de financiamiento, proveedores de bienes y servicios y funciones de salud, tanto para el sector público como privado. Se estimó el gasto público estatal por beneficiaria y se analizó su relación con el gasto público en salud y el producto interno bruto (PIB) anual per cápita de cada estado. RESULTADOS: El gasto en salud reproductiva en México durante el año 2003 fue de 2 912,6 millones de dólares estadounidenses y representó 0,5 por ciento del PIB nacional en 2003 y poco más de 8 por ciento del gasto en salud. El gasto fue mayor en los agentes públicos (53,5 por ciento) que en los privados (46,5 por ciento). El programa de salud materno-perinatal presentó el mayor gasto, principalmente por partos y complicaciones; casi 50 por ciento de ese total provino de pagos directos de los hogares. El gasto en planificación familiar fue mayormente público y representó 5,9 por ciento del gasto total. Del gasto en salud reproductiva, 7,9 por ciento correspondió a los programas de cáncer cervicouterino y de mama. El gasto público promedio en salud reproductiva por beneficiaria fue de 680,03 USD y su distribución estatal estuvo asociada con el gasto público...


OBJECTIVES: To estimate reproductive health expenditures in Mexico during 2003; analyze how costs were distributed across the main programs, funding entities, and providers of health goods and services; and evaluate the relationship between reproductive health expenditures and economic indicators in different states, using health accounts methods. METHODS: We estimated reproductive health expenditures between January and December 2003, at the national and state level. We used health accounts methods adjusted for the particular characteristics of Mexico on the basis of information from public and private sources. Expenditures were calculated for the four main reproductive health programs (maternal-perinatal health, family planning, cervical and uterine cancer, and breast cancer) according to different funding entities, goods and services providers, and functions of health care, in both the public and private sector. We estimated public expenditures by state per beneficiary, and analyzed how these costs were related with pubic health care expenditures and annual per capita gross domestic product (GDP) for each state. RESULTS: The reproductive health expenditures in Mexico during the year 2003 were US$ 2.912 6 billion, a figure that represented 0.5 percent of the national GDP in 2003 and slightly more than 8 percent of the total health care expenditures. Costs were higher for public entities (53.5 percent) than for private entities (46.5 percent). The maternal-perinatal health program accounted for the highest costs, mainly from deliveries and complications; direct payments from households accounted for nearly 50 percent of the total figure. Costs for family planning were accrued mainly in the public sector, and represented 5.9 percent of the total expenditure. Of the total spending on reproductive health, 7.9 percent was devoted to cervical and uterine cancer and breast cancer programs. Mean public expenditures on reproductive health per...


Assuntos
Humanos , Gastos em Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Reprodutiva/economia , México , Setor Privado , Setor Público
18.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 142(5): 363-368, sept.-oct. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-569516

RESUMO

Objetivo. Determinar la asociación entre el estado socioeconómico y la higiene bucal en la dentición primaria de niños preescolares. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 1,303 niños de 10 escuelas de Campeche, México. Todos los sujetos fueron examinados clínicamente en una silla dental portátil por uno de cuatro examinadores. Se aplicó un cuestionario dirigido a las madres para la recolección de las variables socioeconómicas y sociodemográficas, incluyendo variables de actitud hacia la importancia de la salud bucodental. Se evaluó la higiene bucal tomando en consideración la frecuencia de cepillado dental y la presencia de placa dentobacteriana. El análisis se realizó en STATA 8.2® utilizando pruebas no paramétricas. Resultados. La media de edad fue 4.36 ± 0.79 años y 48.3% de los niños examinados fueron mujeres. Del total de los niños bajo estudio, 17.8% (n = 232) fueron asignados al grupo de higiene bucal inadecuada, 50.9% (n = 663) al de regular, y 31.3% (n = 408) al de adecuada. Quienes presentaron más frecuentemente higiene bucal inadecuada (p < 0.05) fueron los hijos de madres con actitud negativa hacia la salud bucal, los que solamente tenían acceso a servicios públicos de salud, y los que no utilizaron servicios dentales en el año previo al estudio. Finalmente, se observó disminución de higiene bucal apropiada conforme disminuía el nivel socioeconómico (NSE). Conclusiones. Los hallazgos de este estudio muestran que la higiene bucal estuvo asociada al NSE. Esto implica que si se desea disminuir las desigualdades en salud bucal, las estrategias que se diseñen y los recursos que se destinen a estos objetivos deben tener en cuenta las diferencias existentes entre los grupos con mayor y menor desventaja social.


OBJECTIVE: Determine the association between socioeconomic status and oral hygiene in the primary dentition of preschool children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We undertook a cross-sectional study of 1,303 children attending 10 schools in Campeche, Mexico. Every child was clinically examined in a portable dental chair by one of four examiners. We used a questionnaire addressed to the mothers to collect data on socioeconomic and socio demographic variables--including attitudinal variables dealing with the perceived importance of oral health. Oral hygiene was assessed appraising the frequency of tooth brushing and the presence of dental plaque. Data analysis included non-parametric tests using STATA 8.2. RESULTS: Mean age was 4.36 +/- 0.79 years and 48.3% of children were girls. Of the study population, 17.8% (n = 232) were classified as having inadequate oral hygiene, 50.9% (n = 663) having moderate oral hygiene, and 31.3% (n = 408) having adequate oral hygiene. Children who were rated more frequently as having inadequate hygiene (p < 0.05) had mothers with a negative attitude toward oral health, were users only of public medical insurance (as opposed to users of private services), and had not used dental services in the year prior to the study. Finally, we observed a decrease in the adequacy of oral hygiene associated with a decrease in socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that oral hygiene was closely associated with socioeconomic status. This implies that if a reduction of oral health inequalities is to be achieved, the strategies and resources targeting these goals must take into account the existing differences between population groups with more or fewer social disadvantages.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Higiene Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal , México/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos
19.
Salud pública Méx ; 48(5): 395-404, sep.-oct. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-437592

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Describir algunas de las alternativas estadísticas disponibles para el estudio de proporciones continuas y comparar los distintos modelos que existen para evidenciar sus ventajas y desventajas, mediante su aplicación a un ejemplo práctico del ámbito de la salud pública. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Con base en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Reproductiva realizada en el año 2003, se modeló la proporción de cobertura individual en el programa de planificación familiar -propuesta en un estudio previo realizado en el Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública en Cuernavaca, Morelos, México (2005)- mediante el uso de los modelos de regresión normal, gama, beta y de quasi-verosimilitud. La variante del criterio de información de Akaike (AIC) que propusieron McQuarrie y Tsai se utilizó para definir el mejor modelo. A continuación, y mediante simulación (enfoque Monte Carlo/cadenas de Markov), se generó una variable con distribución beta para evaluar el comportamiento de los cuatro modelos al variar el tamaño de la muestra desde 100 hasta 18 000 observaciones. RESULTADOS: Los resultados muestran que la mejor opción estadística para el análisis de proporciones continuas es el modelo de regresión beta, de acuerdo con sus supuestos y el valor de AIC. La simulación mostró que a medida que aumenta el tamaño de la muestra, el modelo gama y, en especial, el modelo de quasi-verosimilitud se aproximan en grado significativo al modelo beta. CONCLUSIONES: Para la modelación de proporciones continuas se recomienda emplear el enfoque paramétrico de la regresión beta y evitar el uso del modelo normal. Si se tiene un tamaño de muestra grande, el uso del enfoque de quasi-verosimilitud representa una buena alternativa.


OBJECTIVE: To describe some of the statistical alternatives available for studying continuous proportions and to compare them in order to show their advantages and disadvantages by means of their application in a practical example of the Public Health field. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From the National Reproductive Health Survey performed in 2003, the proportion of individual coverage in the family planning program -proposed in one study carried out in the National Institute of Public Health in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico (2005)- was modeled using the Normal, Gamma, Beta and quasi-likelihood regression models. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) proposed by McQuarrie and Tsai was used to define the best model. Then, using a simulation (Monte Carlo/Markov Chains approach) a variable with a Beta distribution was generated to evaluate the behavior of the 4 models while varying the sample size from 100 to 18 000 observations. RESULTS: Results showed that the best statistical option for the analysis of continuous proportions was the Beta regression model, since its assumptions are easily accomplished and because it had the lowest AIC value. Simulation evidenced that while the sample size increases the Gamma, and even more so the quasi-likelihood, models come significantly close to the Beta regression model. CONCLUSIONS: The use of parametric Beta regression is highly recommended to model continuous proportions and the normal model should be avoided. If the sample size is large enough, the use of quasi-likelihood model represents a good alternative.


Assuntos
Modelos Logísticos , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos
20.
Rev. invest. clín ; 58(4): 296-304, jul.-ago. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-632377

RESUMO

Objective. To explore the association between caries indices in primary and permanent dentition and socioeconomic indicators at the individual and ecologic levels in 6-12 year old children. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of two dataseis depicting oral health status in Campeche, México, with 2,939 children distributed equally by age and sex, was carried out. Oral health indices were contrasted at different cut-off points in primary and permanent dentitions (dmft, DMFT, dmft+DMFT and SiC indices) with independent variables such as place of residence (urban, marginal-urban) and mother's highest level of schooling (years of formal education) as socioeconomic variables (SES), as well as other sociodemographic variables using models of binary logistic regression in STATA 8.2®. Results. The mean age was 8.85 ± 1.83 years and 56.6% were girls. Nine models were generated in which changes in socioeconomic variables were linked to changes in oral health features in this community (both in terms of prevalence and severity), except for DMFT > 0 at 12 years of age. Conclusions. In general, children of lower SES had greater caries experience and higher caries severity, in both primary and permanent dentitions. The relationships between oral health disparities and independent variables were confirmed in children living in geographically contiguous areas.


Objetivos. Explorar la existencia de desigualdades en la salud bucal a través de indicadores socioeconómicos, a nivel individual y ecológico, en una población de niños de seis a 12 años de edad. Material y métodos. Se realizó un análisis comparativo de dos estudios transversales de salud bucal en Campeche, México. Se incluyeron 2,939 niños distribuidos de igual manera por edad y sexo. Los resultados de dichos estudios fueron combinados y usados para explorar desigualdades socioeconómicas en salud bucal. La salud bucal fue medida a través de diferentes puntos de corte en índices de caries (ceod, CPOD, ceod + CPOD y SiC). Las variables independientes incluidas en el estudio fueron el área de residencia (urbana, conurbana) y la escolaridad de la madre (años de estudio), así como otras variables sociodemográficas que sirvieron para ajustar los modelos. Se generaron modelos de regresión logística binaria en STATA 8.2®. Resultados. Los nueve modelos generados revelaron que los cambios en las variables socioeconómicas se relacionaron con las manifestaciones de salud bucal en esta comunidad, tanto en términos de prevalencia como de severidad. La única excepción fue al comparar el indicador de caries CPOD > 0 a los 12 años de edad. Conclusiones. En general, los niños de menor posición socioeconómica tuvieron mayor experiencia y severidad de caries dental en la dentición temporal y permanente. Las discrepancias encontradas de los indicadores de caries a través de las variables independientes de interés ponen en evidencia las desigualdades sociales en salud bucal entre grupos viviendo en localidades contiguas.


Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Saúde Bucal , Estudos Transversais , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos
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